Response of Extremely Small Populations to Climate Change-A Case of Trachycarpus nanus in Yunnan, China.

Climate change affects the geographical distribution of plant species. Rare Trachycarpus nanus with a narrow distribution range, high medicinal value and extremely small population is facing increasing extinction risks under global climate change. In this study, 96 recorded occurrences and 23 environmental factors are used to predict the potential suitable area of T. nanus based on the optimized MaxEnt (3.4.4) model and ArcGIS (10.7) software. The results show that when the parameters are FC = LQ and RM = 1, the MaxEnt model is optimal and AUC = 0.946. The distribution patterns were predicted in the past, present, and four future phases, i.e., 2021-2040 (2030), 2041-2060 (2050), 2061-2080 (2070), and 2081-2100 (2090). The main factors are the annual precipitation (bio12), mean temperature of the coldest quarter (bio11), temperature seasonality (bio4), precipitation of the wettest quarter (bio16), and isothermality (bio3). The potential distribution of T. nanus is primarily concentrated in central Chuxiong, encompassing a total potential suitable area of 5.65 × 104 km2. In historical periods, the total habitat area is smaller than that in the present. In the future, the potential suitable area is generally increased. The centroid analysis shows that T. nanus will move to a high-altitude area and to the southeast. But its dispersal capacity may not keep up with the climate change rate. Therefore, additional protection sites for this species should be appropriately established and the habitat connectivity should be enhanced.

Amphiregulin improves ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction by modulating autophagy and apoptosis.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as sudden ischemic death of myocardial tissue. Amphiregulin (Areg) regulates cell survival and is crucial for the healing of tissues after damage. However, the functions and mechanisms of Areg after MI remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate Areg's impact on myocardial remodeling. Mice model of MI was constructed and Areg-/- mice were used. Expression of Areg was analyzed using western blotting, RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. Echocardiographic analysis, Masson's trichrome, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were used to assess cardiac function and structure. RNA sequencing was used for unbiased analysis. Apoptosis and autophagy were determined by western blotting, TUNEL staining, electron microscopy, and mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus. Lysosomal acidity was determined by Lysotracker staining. Areg was elevated in the infarct border zone after MI. It was mostly secreted by macrophages. Areg deficiency aggravated adverse ventricular remodeling, as reflected by worsening cardiac function, a lower survival rate, increased scar size, and interstitial fibrosis. RNA sequencing analyses showed that Areg related to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, V-ATPase and lysosome pathways. Mechanistically, Areg exerts beneficial effects via increasing lysosomal acidity to promote autophagosome clearance, and activating the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, subsequently inhibiting excessive autophagosome formation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. This study provides a novel evidence for the role of Areg in inhibiting ventricular remodeling after MI by regulating autophagy and apoptosis and identifies Areg as a potential therapeutic target in ventricular remodeling after MI.

Continuous glucose monitoring-derived glycemic metrics and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has shown potential in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes in individuals with type 1/2 diabetes, but data in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is limited. We aimed to explore the relationship between CGM-derived metrics during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes among women with GDM. Methods: We recruited 1302 pregnant women with GDM at a mean gestational age of 26.0 weeks and followed them until delivery. Participants underwent a 14-day CGM measurement upon recruitment. The primary outcome was any adverse pregnancy outcome, defined as having at least one of the outcomes: preterm birth, large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birth, fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. The individual outcomes included in the primary outcome were considered as secondary outcomes. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association of CGM-derived metrics with these outcomes. Findings: Per 1-SD difference in time above range (TAR), glucose area under the curve (AUC), nighttime mean blood glucose (MBG), daytime MBG, and daily MBG was associated with higher risk of any adverse pregnancy outcome, with odds ratio: 1.22 (95% CI 1.08-1.36), 1.22 (95% CI 1.09-1.37), 1.18 (95% CI 1.05-1.32), 1.21 (95% CI 1.07-1.35), and 1.22 (95% CI 1.09-1.37), respectively. Time in range, TAR, AUC, nighttime MBG, daytime MBG, daily MBG, and mean amplitude of glucose excursions were positively associated, while time blow range was inversely associated with the risk of LGA. Additionally, higher value for TAR was associated with higher risk of NICU admission. We further summarized the potential thresholds of TAR (2.5%) and daily MBG (4.8 mmol/L) to distinguish individuals with and without any adverse pregnancy outcome. Interpretation: The CGM-derived metrics may help identify individuals at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. These CGM biomarkers could serve as potential new intervention targets to maintain a healthy pregnancy status among women with GDM. Funding: National Key R&D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine.

[Mechanism of dexamethasone combined with glutamine in reducing lung inflammation and pulmonary edema in rats with acute lung injury].

Objective To investigate the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) combined with glutamine (Gln) on lung inflammation and pulmonary edema in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its related mechanisms. Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, dexamethasone group (DEX) and DEX combined with Gln group. Except for the control group, rats in other groups were injected with 6 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally to induce an acute lung injury. The mRNA expression of p38 MAPK, NLRP3, and NF-κB in lung tissue were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK, NLRP3, phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (p-IκB), NF-κB p65, aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP5 in lung tissue were detected by Western blot analysis. ELISA was used to detect the content of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß). Spectrophotometer was employed to detect the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in lung tissue. Results Compared with the control group, the lung index of the model group decreased, the content of the serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß significantly increased, and the protein expression of p38 MAPK, NLRP3, NF-κB mRNA, p-p38 MAPK, NLRP3, p-IκB and NF-κB p65 in the lung tissue significantly increased, while that of AQP1, AQP5 decreased, and the content of SOD and GSH-Px in lung tissue decreased, while that of MDA increased; Compared with the model group, the above mentioned symptoms and indicators in each treatment group were significantly improved, among which the DEX combined with Gln group was the most significant. Conclusion DEX combined with Gln can inhibit inflammation, resist oxidative damage, relieve pulmonary edema, and prevent acute lung injury. Its mechanism is related to inhibiting the activation of p38 MAPK, NLRP3, and NF-κB signaling pathways, promoting the expression of AQP1 and AQP5, and promoting the activity of antioxidant products.

Effect of ubiquinol on cardiorespiratory fitness during high-altitude acclimatization and de-acclimatization in healthy adults: the Shigatse CARdiorespiratory fitness study design.

Cardiorespiratory function influences exercise capacity and is an important determinant of high-altitude adaptation. Some studies have investigated the characteristics of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness during high-altitude acclimatization. However, studies on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness during high-altitude de-acclimatization are still lacking and have not yet been elucidated. Furthermore, few drugs have been studied to improve cardiorespiratory function during both processes. The Shigatse CARdiorespiratory Fitness (SCARF) study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-control clinical trial to explore the effects of ubiquinol on cardiorespiratory fitness during high-altitude acclimatization and de-acclimatization in healthy adults. Participants will be randomly assigned 1:1 to ubiquinol 200 mg daily or a placebo for 14 days before departure until the end of data collection after return in 7 days. Cardiorespiratory fitness is the primary outcome, while acute mountain sickness and high-altitude de-acclimatization symptoms are secondary endpoints. In addition, laboratory measurements, including routine blood tests and serological measurements, will be performed. To the best of our knowledge, the SCARF study will be the first to reveal the changes in the cardiorespiratory fitness characteristics during high-altitude acclimatization and de-acclimatization. Furthermore, the results of this study will contribute to exploring whether ubiquinol supplementation could be beneficial for endurance exercise capacity at different altitudes and help improve adaptation to acute hypoxia and de-acclimatization. Clinical Trial Registration: This study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (www.chictr.org.cn) as ChiCTR2200059900 and ChiCTR2200066328.

Current Status of Weekly Insulin Analogs and Their Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Evaluation by the Euglycemic Clamp Technique.

Diabetes mellitus represents a significant global health threat characterized by hyperglycemia caused by inadequate insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. Exogenous insulin supplements had been recognized as a crucial treatment for achieving successful glycemic control in patients with Type 1 and most patients with Type 2 diabetes. Over the past century, substantial progress has been made in the development of novel insulin formulations, including the super-fast-acting and long-acting basal insulin analogs, of which the latter is indispensable for the management of nocturnal fasting and intraprandial blood glucose within the normal physiological range. Recently, combining chemical and genetic engineering with drug optimization have resulted in a formidable evolution in ultra-long-acting weekly insulin. Here, the current state of once-weekly insulin analogs and the euglycemic clamp technique used in the early clinical development to elucidate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this type of novel weekly insulin analogs were systematically overviewed.

Smartwatch-Based Maximum Oxygen Consumption Measurement for Predicting Acute Mountain Sickness: Diagnostic Accuracy Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness plays an important role in coping with hypoxic stress at high altitudes. However, the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS) has not yet been evaluated. Wearable technology devices provide a feasible assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, which is quantifiable as maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and may contribute to AMS prediction. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the validity of VO2max estimated by the smartwatch test (SWT), which can be self-administered, in order to overcome the limitations of clinical VO2max measurements. We also aimed to evaluate the performance of a VO2max-SWT-based model in predicting susceptibility to AMS. METHODS: Both SWT and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) were performed for VO2max measurements in 46 healthy participants at low altitude (300 m) and in 41 of them at high altitude (3900 m). The characteristics of the red blood cells and hemoglobin levels in all the participants were analyzed by routine blood examination before the exercise tests. The Bland-Altman method was used for bias and precision assessment. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the correlation between AMS and the candidate variables. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of VO2max in predicting AMS. RESULTS: VO2max decreased after acute high altitude exposure, as measured by CPET (25.20 [SD 6.46] vs 30.17 [SD 5.01] at low altitude; P<.001) and SWT (26.17 [SD 6.71] vs 31.28 [SD 5.17] at low altitude; P<.001). Both at low and high altitudes, VO2max was slightly overestimated by SWT but had considerable accuracy as the mean absolute percentage error (<7%) and mean absolute error (<2 mL·kg-1·min-1), with a relatively small bias compared with VO2max-CPET. Twenty of the 46 participants developed AMS at 3900 m, and their VO2max was significantly lower than that of those without AMS (CPET: 27.80 [SD 4.55] vs 32.00 [SD 4.64], respectively; P=.004; SWT: 28.00 [IQR 25.25-32.00] vs 32.00 [IQR 30.00-37.00], respectively; P=.001). VO2max-CPET, VO2max-SWT, and red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) were found to be independent predictors of AMS. To increase the prediction accuracy, we used combination models. The combination of VO2max-SWT and RDW-CV showed the largest area under the curve for all parameters and models, which increased the area under the curve from 0.785 for VO2max-SWT alone to 0.839. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the smartwatch device can be a feasible approach for estimating VO2max. In both low and high altitudes, VO2max-SWT showed a systematic bias toward a calibration point, slightly overestimating the proper VO2max when investigated in healthy participants. The SWT-based VO2max at low altitude is an effective indicator of AMS and helps to better identify susceptible individuals following acute high-altitude exposure, particularly by combining the RDW-CV at low altitude. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200059900; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=170253.

Changes in air pollution, land surface temperature, and urban heat islands during the COVID-19 lockdown in three Chinese urban agglomerations.

COVID-19 has notably impacted the world economy and human activities. However, the strict urban lockdown policies implemented in various countries appear to have positively affected pollution and the thermal environment. In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data were selected, combined with Sentinel-5P images and meteorological elements, to analyze the changes and associations among air pollution, LST, and urban heat islands (UHIs) in three urban agglomerations in mainland China during the COVID-19 lockdown. The results showed that during the COVID-19 lockdown period (February 2020), the levels of the AOD and atmospheric pollutants (fine particles (PM2.5), NO2, and CO) significantly decreased. Among them, PM2.5 and NO2 decreased the most in all urban agglomerations, by >14 %. Notably, the continued improvement in air pollution attributed to China's strict control policies could lead to overestimation of the enhanced air quality during the lockdown. The surface temperature in all three urban agglomerations increased by >1 °C during the lockdown, which was mainly due to climate factors, but we also showed that the lockdown constrained positive LST anomalies. The decrease in the nighttime urban heat island intensity (UHIInight) in the three urban agglomerations was greater than that in the daytime quantity by >25 %. The reduction in surface UHIs at night was mainly due to the reduced human activities and air pollutant emissions. Although strict restrictions on human activities positively affected air pollution and UHIs, these changes were quickly reverted when lockdown policies were relaxed. Moreover, small-scale lockdowns contributed little to environmental improvement. Our results have implications for assessing the environmental benefits of city-scale lockdowns.

Study of Nonlinear Excitation Circuits for Fluxgate Magnetometer.

This paper presents the common methods and corresponding drawbacks concerning nonlinear analysis of fluxgate excitation circuits and emphasizes the importance of nonlinear analysis for these circuits. With regard to the nonlinearity of the excitation circuit, this paper proposes the use of the core-measured hysteresis curve for mathematical analysis and the use of a nonlinear model that considers the coupling effect of the core and winding and influence of the historical magnetic field on the core for simulation analysis. The feasibility of mathematical calculations and simulation for the nonlinear study of fluxgate excitation circuit is verified via experiments. The results demonstrate that, in this regard, the simulation is four times better than a mathematical calculation. The simulation and experimental results of the excitation current and voltage waveforms under different excitation circuit parameters and structures are essentially consistent, with a difference in current of no more than 1 mA, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the nonlinear excitation analysis method.

Mitochondria-associated membrane protein PACS2 maintains right cardiac function in hypobaric hypoxia.

Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is the primary challenge at highland. Prolonged HH exposure impairs right cardiac function. Mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) plays a principal role in regulating mitochondrial function under hypoxia, but the mechanism was unclear. In this study, proteomics analysis identified that PACS2, a key protein in MAM, and mitophagy were downregulated in HH. Metabolomics analysis indicated suppression of glucose and fatty acids aerobic oxidation in HH conditions. Cardiomyocyte Pacs2 deficiency disrupted MAM formation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria calcium flux, further inhibiting mitophagy and energy metabolism in HH. Pacs2 overexpression reversed these effects. Cardiac-specific knockout of Pacs2 exacerbated mitophagy inhibition, cardiomyocyte injury, and right cardiac dysfunction induced by HH. Conditional knock-in of Pacs2 recovered HH-induced right cardiac impairment. Thus, PACS2 is essential for protecting cardiomyocytes through ER-mitochondria calcium flux, mitophagy, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Our work provides insight into the mechanism of HH-induced cardiomyocyte injury and potential targets for maintaining the right cardiac function at the highland.

Genome-wide genotype-serum proteome mapping provides insights into the cross-ancestry differences in cardiometabolic disease susceptibility.

Identification of protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) helps understand the underlying mechanisms of diseases and discover promising targets for pharmacological intervention. For most important class of drug targets, genetic evidence needs to be generalizable to diverse populations. Given that the majority of the previous studies were conducted in European ancestry populations, little is known about the protein-associated genetic variants in East Asians. Based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry technique, we conduct genome-wide association analyses for 304 unique proteins in 2,958 Han Chinese participants. We identify 195 genetic variant-protein associations. Colocalization and Mendelian randomization analyses highlight 60 gene-protein-phenotype associations, 45 of which (75%) have not been prioritized in Europeans previously. Further cross-ancestry analyses uncover key proteins that contributed to the differences in the obesity-induced diabetes and coronary artery disease susceptibility. These findings provide novel druggable proteins as well as a unique resource for the trans-ancestry evaluation of protein-targeted drug discovery.

Effect of Food (Low and High Fat) on Pharmacokinetics of FCN-159, a Selective MEK Inhibitor, in Healthy Chinese Males.

INTRODUCTION: FCN-159 is a novel, oral, potent, selective MEK1/2 inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of NRAS-mutant advanced melanoma and neurofibromatosis type 1. We investigated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of FCN-159. METHODS: In this single-center, open-label, phase 1 study with a three-period, three-sequence, crossover design, healthy Chinese male subjects (n = 24) were randomized (1:1:1) to receive a single, oral 8 mg dose of FCN-159 in the fasted state (overnight, > 10 h), and with a low-fat and a high-fat meal, separated by a 10-day washout. PK parameters including time to maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were compared using geometric least-squares mean ratios (GLSMR), with the fasted state as the reference. A 90% CI for the GLSMR within 80-125% indicated no significant food effect. RESULTS: A low-fat meal (n = 23) did not affect the PK profile of FCN-159: G LSMR for AUC from time 0 to t (AUC0-t), 106.9% (90% CI 99.9-114.4%); AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞), 106.8% (90% CI 100.0-114.0%); Cmax, 96.4% (90% CI 83.9-110.8%). A high-fat meal (n = 24) did not affect exposure to FCN-159 (GLSMR for AUC0-t, 99.4%; 90% CI 99.0-106.3%; AUC0-∞, 99.5 5%; 90% CI 93.2-106.1%), but modestly reduced Cmax by 15% (GLSMR 84.9%; 90% CI 74.0-97.3%). Both the low-fat and high-fat meals slightly prolonged the median time to Cmax by 0.5 h (90% CI 0.5-1.0 h). FCN-159 was generally well tolerated, with a lower incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events following administration in the fasted state than with a low-fat or high-fat meal (20.8%, 39.1%, and 37.5%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Food did not affect the PK profile of FCN-159 to a clinically meaningful extent compared with administration in the fasted state.

Association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus / 预防医学

Objective @#To examine the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), so as to provide the evidence for guiding the establishment of healthy and balanced dietary patterns and reducing the prevalence of GDM.@*Methods@#Pregnant women who underwent oral glucose tolerance tests in Hangzhou Obstetrics and Gynecological Hospital from 2020 to 2021 were enrolled, and their demographic information were collected using questionnaires. Pregnant women's diets during the past three months were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs), and dietary patterns were extracted using principal component analysis. In addition, the association between dietary patterns and risk of GDM was examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@# A total of 1 689 pregnant women were included, with a median age of 28.53 (interquartile range, 2.47) years and a median gestational age of 26.00 (interquartile range, 2.00) weeks. Five dietary patterns were identified according to pregnant women's types of diets, including meat-based diets, dessert-fruit-refined grain diets, plant-based diets, eggs-milk-nut diets and whole-grain diets, with a cumulative contribution rate of 58.76%. The prevalence of GDM was 24.57% (415 cases) among the study subjects. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women with scores in the highest quartile (Q4) of the meat-based diets had an increased risk of GDM (OR=1.372, 95%CI: 1.043-2.055) relative to those with scores in the lowest quartile (Q1), and pregnant women with Q4 scores of the dessert-fruit-refined grain diets had an increased risk of GDM (OR=1.743, 95%CI: 1.397-2.432) relative to those with Q1 scores, while pregnant women with Q4 scores of the plant-based diets had a reduced risk of GDM (OR=0.382, 95%CI: 0.346-0.613) relative to those with Q1 scores.@*Conclusion@#A plant-based dietary pattern may reduce the risk of GDM, while meat-based and dessert-fruit-refined grain dietary patterns may increase the risk of GDM.

A novel nomogram and risk classification system predicting the overall survival of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy: A population-based study.

Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the largest histologic subtype of non-clear-cell RCC. To date, there is no reliable nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients with pRCC after nephrectomy. We aimed to first establish an effective nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with pRCC after nephrectomy. Methods: A total of 3,528 eligible patients with pRCC after nephrectomy were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2015. The patients were randomized into the training cohort (n = 2,472) and the validation cohort (n = 1,056) at a 7:3 ratio. In total, 122 real-world samples from our institute (titled the AHMU-pRCC cohort) were used as the external validation cohort. Univariate and subsequent multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify OS-related prognostic factors, which were further used to establish a prognostic nomogram for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS probabilities. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by using the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age, race, marital status, TNM stage, tumor size, and surgery were significant OS-related prognostic factors. A prognostic model consisting of these clinical parameters was developed and virtualized by a nomogram. High C-index and area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of the nomogram at 1, 3, and 5 years were found in the training, validation, and AHMU-pRCC cohorts. The calibration plot and DCA also showed that the nomogram had a satisfactory clinical application value. A risk classification system was established to risk-stratify patients with pRCC. Conclusion: Based on a large cohort from the public SEER database, a reliable nomogram predicting the OS of patients with pRCC after nephrectomy was constructed, which could optimize the survival assessment and clinical treatment.

Ultrasonographic and pathological features of sclerosing stromal tumor: a case report.

Background: We herein report a rare case of a sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) in an adolescent. In this case, the mass displayed a shrinking trend, combined with its ultrasonic manifestations and pathological characteristics and may provide some references for the selection and timing of treatment, to avoid excessive harm to patients. Case Description: A healthy 17-year-old adolescent female presented to the outpatient department, complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding, but no abdominal pain, bloating, chills, or fever. The patient had no history of malignant tumors, and no relevant family or genetic history. An ultrasound showed an inhomogeneous hypoechoic area (106 mm × 53 mm × 68 mm) in the right ovarian, a clear boundary, an anechoic area inside and blood flow was observed in the mass. At a follow-up regular re-examination, the mass displayed a shrinking trend from 95 mm × 50 mm × 88 mm, 61 mm × 28 mm × 42 mm, 43 mm × 28 mm × 40 mm, 43 mm × 28 mm × 40 mm, to 42 mm × 23 mm × 28 mm. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery a week later. Based on the immunohistochemistry and morphology results, the posterior ovarian mass was diagnosed as an SST. At one month after operation, there was no obvious abnormality on ultrasound. Conclusions: The incidence of SST is relatively low. However, due to the low specificity of clinical manifestations, imaging examination and serum tumor markers, the diagnosis of SST mainly relies on pathological examination. Therefore, in clinical practice, the possibility of misdiagnosis is greater, and attention should be paid to the differentiation of ovarian malignant tumors. Surgical resection is recommended, and the effect is good. Surgical methods should be selected individually according to the size of the tumor and the age of the patient.

Mapping Local Climate Zones in the Urban Environment: The Optimal Combination of Data Source and Classifier.

The novel concept of local climate zones (LCZs) provides a consistent classification framework for studies of the urban thermal environment. However, the development of urban climate science is severely hampered by the lack of high-resolution data to map LCZs. Using Gaofen-6 and Sentinel-1/2 as data sources, this study designed four schemes using convolutional neural network (CNN) and random forest (RF) classifiers, respectively, to demonstrate the potential of high-resolution images in LCZ mapping and evaluate the optimal combination of different data sources and classifiers. The results showed that the combination of GF-6 and CNN (S3) was considered the best LCZ classification scheme for urban areas, with OA and kappa coefficients of 85.9% and 0.842, respectively. The accuracy of urban building categories is above 80%, and the F1 score for each category is the highest, except for LCZ1 and LCZ5, where there is a small amount of confusion. The Sentinel-1/2-based RF classifier (S2) was second only to S3 and superior to the combination of GF-6 and random forest (S1), with OA and kappa coefficients of 64.4% and 0.612, respectively. The Sentinel-1/2 and CNN (S4) combination has the worst classification result, with an OA of only 39.9%. The LCZ classification map based on S3 shows that the urban building categories in Xi'an are mainly distributed within the second ring, while heavy industrial buildings have started to appear in the third ring. The urban periphery is mainly vegetated and bare land. In conclusion, CNN has the best application effect in the LCZ mapping task of high-resolution remote sensing images. In contrast, the random forest algorithm has better robustness in the band-abundant Sentinel data.

[Aerosol Optical Characteristics with Ground-based Measurements via Sun Photometer and Its Relationship with PM Particle Concentration in Chang'an].

The simultaneous quantitative investigation of aerosol ground observation data and particle concentration data is important for a better understanding of the vertical distribution characteristics of air pollution and formulating reasonable air pollution control measures in Chang'an, Xi'an. CE-318 measurements from October 2018 to April 2021 were systematically analyzed to reveal the seasonal and yearly variations in atmospheric aerosols in Chang'an. Then, the relationship between AOD and particle concentration in different seasons and different pollution degrees was explored. The obtained results were as follows:① the seasonal variation in AOD in Chang'an was determined, whereby autumn (1.02)>winter (1.00)>summer (0.63)>spring (0.47). Distinct monthly and inter-annual differences in AOD were observed, showing that the annual average of AOD in 2019 was higher than that in 2020. ② Obvious seasonal and monthly differences in aerosol main control modes were observed; the dominant mode of aerosols gradually changed from coarse mode to fine mode from spring to winter. The seasonal variation in the main control mode of aerosols in 2019 was similar to that in the whole observation period. The seasonal aerosol Angstrom wavelength index (Angstrom) was evenly distributed in 2020, and aerosol particles existed in coarse mode form. Generally speaking, the aerosol type in Chang'an was mostly mixed aerosol throughout the whole observation period. ③ Significant seasonal variations in the relationship between AOD and Angstrom was shown, in which the air pollution in spring was dominated by coarse mode aerosol particles. The local pollution in summer was caused by coarse and fine mode aerosol particles, and the fine mode particles were dominant when the pollution was obvious. The characteristic distribution of Angstrom in autumn and winter was similar; in case of local pollution, the coarse mode aerosol particles were dominant, and in case of obvious pollution, the fine mode aerosol particles were dominant. ④ The monthly concentration variation trend of PM2.5 and PM10 in Chang'an consistent with the maximum and minimum values appeared in January and summer, respectively. Seasonal variation in the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was apparent, with the highest values in winter. ⑤ A positive correlation between AOD and particulate matter concentration in different seasons and pollution levels was obtained during the observation periods, but the correlation coefficient differed. The specific characteristics were as follows:the correlation between AOD and PM2.5 concentration was greater than that with PM10 concentration; the correlation between AOD and particle concentration in autumn and winter was greater than that in spring and summer; and the correlation between AOD and particulate matter concentration was greater in polluted weather. Particle concentration was the most important determinant of AOD change, followed by relative humidity, which was the meteorological factor with the highest interpretation rate of AOD change in Chang'an. This indicates that a higher correlation between AOD and particle concentration would benefit from a reasonable humidity correction of AOD.

Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome due to a novel heterozygous mutation and concomitant Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A pedigree report.

Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (THRS) is a rare disease characterized by reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones. Mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene are considered as contributing to the pathogenesis. This report describes a Chinese pedigree with THRS and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) due to novel point mutation in the 11th exon of the THRB gene (c. 1378 G > A). The proband complained of goitre with increased thyroid hormone and normal thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Gene sequencing was performed to confirm the diagnosis. HT was also diagnosed based on positive thyroid autoantibodies and diffuse, grid-like changes in the thyroid on ultrasound examination. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of the proband's pedigree was conducted. The patient's father exhibited the same gene mutation site and was diagnosed with THRS and HT. No mutation site was detected in three patients with HT only and three healthy volunteers. Thus, gene sequencing should be considered the gold standard for diagnosing THRS. Furthermore, treatment should be individualized to control the patient's symptoms rather than normalizing thyroid hormone levels. Further studies that determine the relationship between THRS and TH are warranted.

Susceptibility of Genetic Variations in Methylation Pathway to Gastric Cancer.

Background: DNA methylation in the CpG island is associated with gastric cancer, genetic variations residue in genes involved in methylation pathway could contribute to the occurrence of gastric cancer. Here, we investigated the association between DNMTs (DNMT1/DNMT3A/DNMT3B), MTHFR genetic variations and gastric cancer risk and patients' survival. Patients and Methods: We recruited 490 gastric cancer patients and 488 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The genotypes of the genetic variations were detected by a Mass-array platform. A commercial Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) immunogold testing kit was used to determine the H. pylori infection. Results: We found that carriers of DNMT1 rs2228612C allele was associated with decreased gastric cancer risk (CT vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53-0.94, P = 0.02; CT/CC vs.TT: adjusted OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56-0.96, P = 0.02). Further stratified analysis showed that DNMT1 rs2228612 CT/CC were associated with a decreased gastric cancer risk in the subgroups of age ≤64 years old (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41-0.90, P = 0.01), male (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53-0.98, P = 0.03), negative H. pylori infection (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.45-0.98, P = 0.04), tumor stage T3-T4 (adjusted OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51-0.92, P = 0.01), and non-gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (NGCA) (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54-0.97, P = 0.03). However, none of the genetic variations of this study was associated with overall survival. Conclusion: We concluded that the DNMT1 rs2228612C genotype is a protective factor for gastric cancer in Han Chinese population.

Chitosan-based composite film adsorbents reinforced with nanocellulose for removal of Cu(II) ion from wastewater: Preparation, characterization, and adsorption mechanism.

Utilizing natural and renewable natural polysaccharides as substrates to fabricate films or spinning with high metal ion adsorption and retain their mechanical properties is essential but challenging for the treatment of polluted water systems. In this study, the adsorption film was prepared with excellent mechanical properties and adsorption properties by blending chitosan (CS), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD), and nanocellulose (NCC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure of the film. The effects of the NCC content, contact time, temperature, initial concentration, and pH on the adsorption of Cu(II) ion were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to explore the adsorption mechanism. The results showed that a suitable content of NCC enhanced the tensile strength of the CS/PVP/ß-CD/NCC composite film and improved its adsorption capacity under acidic conditions. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium data could be better described by the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of the Cu(II) ion onto the CS/PVP/ß-CD/NCC film exhibited physical adsorption and spontaneous process. XPS analysis showed that the nitrogen-containing functional groups play an important role during the adsorption process. Therefore, applying this adsorbent to remove metal ions during wastewater treatment is promising.